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The place for unfiltered climate news and Deep Sky developments.
Deep Sky Labs FAQ
Thanks for your interest in the Deep Sky Labs project.
It’s natural to have questions about a new project, and we’re happy to emphasize that a) carbon removal and storage is safe, b) this technology is a crucial tool to save our planet, and c) it’ll bring jobs and benefits to local taxpayers.
Should you have additional questions, please reach out at innisfail@deepskyclimate.com.
A few key points:
Carbon removal and storage is safe.
- The carbon removal process is best described as large, harmless fans that circulate air, capture excess CO2 molecules, and pushes out cleaner air. It has no impact on the environment or the community. Think of it as an air filter.
- Alberta is a world leader in carbon storage. We’ve been doing some form of CO2 injection into the ground since the 1960's, so this isn't a new process. It goes deep into the ground, where it remains for thousands of years without resurfacing. All subsurface CO2 storage is regulated by the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER).
- It’s not harmful to the planet – in fact, we believe that limiting the rise of CO2 will save our planet from harmful global warming that could jeopardize jobs, our health, our homes, and more.
- Deep Sky complies with the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act which supports and promotes the protection, enhancement and use of the environment in Alberta.
This is about removing the excess CO2 from the atmosphere.
- Carbon removal is one important piece of the larger pie to slow global warming. If we don’t take excess CO2 out of the air, temperatures will continue to rise, and the planet will no longer be able to sustain human or plant life.
- There is a harmful excess amount of CO2 in the atmosphere today which threatens human and plant life, due to burning fossil fuels. Deep Sky aims to limit the increase of CO2 and reduce the concentration to pre-industrial levels; there will be more than enough left behind to support human and plant life.
- Many scientists, climate experts, and government officials agree that 350 parts per million (ppm) is a safe level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. But due to fossil fuel use, the ppm has skyrocketed to 425. [Source: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, NOAA]
We’re capturing carbon in Innisfail, but storing it north of Edmonton.
- Deep Sky isn’t storing any CO2 in Innisfail.
- Instead, the CO2 collected at Labs will be transported to an existing well at the Meadowbrook Carbon Storage Hub facility operated by Deep Sky's storage partner, north of Edmonton in Sturgeon County.
- The dedicated injection well is capable of handling all Labs volume.
This is about developing talent in Alberta.
- Our project will bring 80 construction jobs, and 15 ongoing operations jobs to Innisfail.
- Over 10 years, the project has the potential to invest $110 million into the town of Innisfail.
Deep Sky complies with all regulatory bodies.
- Deep Sky completed thorough reviews with the Town of Innisfail permitting officers and engineers who are experts in municipal development.
- Deep Sky complies with the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act which supports and promotes the protection, enhancement and use of the environment in Alberta.
- All subsurface CO2 storage is regulated by the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER).
Community engagement is a priority for us.
- We are currently planning a robust community engagement plan that will kick off this fall. We have been in contact with the municipality, the councilors, the mayor, and we are all working together to meaningfully engage with the community.
- We’re proud to have the support of the Innisfail town council and Mayor Jean Barclay.
- In fact, we’ll be hosting two open houses in September where the public is invited to come learn about our project and ask questions.
- We welcome questions from citizens in the meantime. Please reach out to us at innisfail@deepskyclimate.com.
Deep Sky welcomes the Innisfail community to two open houses to learn more, held at the Innisfail Library and Learning Center at 5300 – 55 Street Close.
- Wednesday, September 18, 12:00 - 3:00 p.m.
- Thursday, September 19, 5:00 - 8:00 p.m.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the project exactly?
- Deep Sky Labs (“Labs”) is the world's first carbon removal innovation and commercialization centre.
- Deep Sky will be piloting up to 14 different Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies to identify the best to scale up for a commercial project. These pilots are from the top DAC companies from around the world. We will be evaluating these technologies side by side to see how they perform in the Canadian environment - from the hottest day in the summer, to the coldest day in the winter. We will track the energy and water consumption, the capture performance, and its reliability.
- Multiple Direct Air Capture technologies were carefully selected by our scientific team and comply with Canadian safety standards. Our goal is to identify the most promising technologies to scale at commercial level.
- These technologies are tried and true industrial processes that are safe and have been applied in other sectors such as water treatment plants, cement production, and common HVAC systems. The novelty is in applying these well known machines towards separating CO2 from air.
- To keep our planet’s temperature rise within 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F) as outlined in the Paris Agreement and prevent the worst impacts of climate change, the world will need to reach net-zero carbon emissions by midcentury, removing and storing as much carbon dioxide from the air as we put into the atmosphere. [Source: World Resources Institute]
- Globally, scientists estimate that up to 10 gigatons of CO2 will need to be removed annually from the atmosphere by 2050, with potential for increased removal capacity up to 20 gigatons per year by 2100. [Source: World Resources Institute]
- At Deep Sky, we are on a mission to achieve that ambitious goal through the development of commercial scale carbon removal sites across Canada.
What is Deep Sky’s business model?
- Deep Sky’s business model is to license carbon removal technology, engineer and manufacture carbon removal units at scale, develop CO2 storage, build carbon removal plants with the software to operate them, and sell carbon credits to companies looking to decarbonize.
- We sell carbon removal credits to companies that are looking to offset company emissions, including financial institutions, technology companies, airlines, governments and energy companies.
What’s your goal?
- The goal of Labs is to create an innovation center where multiple Direct Air Capture technologies can be deployed side-by-side to compare different approaches in an effort to accelerate the path to low cost, low energy intensity and highly scalable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to produce carbon credits.
- Those carbon credits are then sold to companies looking to offset their company emissions. By piloting multiple technologies, Deep Sky is de-risking scale-up by taking a portfolio approach.
- From here, we’ll choose the units that operate most efficiently to scale at commercial level.
Will the public be invited to tour the facility?
- Absolutely. Deep Sky Labs is meant to become an innovation center and showroom where the public, academics, researchers, media and government officials can come to learn about this innovative industry that’s helping reverse global warming.
How is Deep Sky and the Labs facility funded?
- Deep Sky is privately funded by some of Canada’s leading venture capital funds.
Why was Innisfail chosen for Labs?
- Innisfail is the ideal location for Labs for a number of reasons.
- Innisfail is also an emerging clean energy hub, which was searching for more “green” projects to welcome to its site. The Deep Sky Labs site is located within 5 acres of a municipality-owned industrial park, neighboring other proposed green projects including a solar farm and waste-to-energy plant.
- Innisfail also has a dense talent pool with the skills necessary for carbon removal work.
Where else has this been done?
- Direct Air Capture technology has been deployed for years in Iceland and in Canada (Carbon Engineering).
How do you plan to educate the community on your project?
- Community engagement is a priority for us.
- We are currently planning a robust community engagement plan that will kick off this fall. We have been in contact with the municipality, the councilors, the mayor, and we are all working together to meaningfully engage with the community.
- We’ll be hosting two open houses in September where the public is invited to come learn about our project and ask questions. More details on dates and location are coming soon.
What is the procedure for moving the CO2? How big is the storage well?
- The CO2 collected at Labs will be transported to an existing well at the Meadowbrook Carbon Storage Hub facility, an AER regulated CO2 injection well, operated by Deep Sky's storage partner, north of Edmonton in Sturgeon County.
- The dedicated injection well is capable of handling all Labs volume.
- Alberta has a long history and strong regulatory expertise in the management of the subsurface injection, disposal and permanent sequestration of CO₂.
- In terms of storage well size, the Alberta Energy Regulator currently requires that all injected CO2 is deeper than 1000m. The wells for CO2 storage range from 1000 - 4000m in the province.
Where exactly will the CO2 come from?
- Since our atmosphere is shared, the CO2 will not come from a specific location, nor strip the town of Innisfail of carbon dioxide.
- CO2 readily diffuses in the atmosphere rapidly – meaning the atmosphere is very good at mixing and there is no risk of localized CO2 shortage.
- Due to the overabundance of CO2 in our atmosphere that is causing global warming, there is more than enough to sustain human and plant life.
Who provides approvals for the Labs project?
- The municipality of Innisfail provides development permits for the project to ensure our facility meets required guidelines and proper use of municipal water.
- Deep Sky completed thorough reviews with the Town of Innisfail permitting officers and engineers who are experts in municipal development.
- The Alberta Environment and Protected Areas (AEPA) has jurisdiction over our capture facility and the Alberta Energy Regulator has jurisdiction over our storage partner’s CO2 injection hub.
How big is the operation?
- Deep Sky Labs is a pilot project, capturing 3,000 tons of CO2 per year.
- For context, a carbon removal facility in Iceland captures tens of thousands of tons per year, and another planned facility in the US will capture up to 500,000 tons per year.
What byproducts will be created by Deep Sky Labs?
- No byproducts will be created by Deep Sky Labs.
Is this project energy intensive?
- Deep Sky Labs is 100% powered by renewable solar energy via a Power. Purchase Agreement with a new solar project in Alberta.
- All the electricity we're consuming is matched by the electricity that our solar farm project is generating.
- The solar farm will generate more electricity than we need for Labs.
What’s the tax burden for Innisfail citizens?
- None. Deep Sky is leasing the land on which it operates and will be paying taxes on its leased land.
Do you plan to employ Canadian citizens/locals to the area?
- Absolutely. One of the reasons we chose Alberta is because of the dense talent for hiring.
- The construction companies we’ve hired are both local to Alberta, with one as close as Red Deer, and we’re prioritizing local residents for the 80 construction jobs and 15 operations jobs.
- The project has the potential to infuse a more than $110M investment in the Innisfail community over 10 years.
- Subsequent commercial plants across Canada will each employ approximately 1,000 workers for construction and 150 for annual operations.
Why is this a lease to own agreement, and not an outright land purchase?
- We could purchase the land, but instead chose to preserve capital for getting Labs off the ground. For the future, we’ll evaluate all options to make Deep Sky Labs a success in Innisfail.
What’s the future of Labs when done? Will it remain a test site or convert to commercial scale?
- We plan to keep Deep Sky Labs as an innovation and commercialization center.
- This can become a pinnacle of innovation for the world, and we’ll continue to welcome the public to visit the site to learn about tools to combat climate change.
Is carbon removal and storage safe?
- Yes, carbon removal and storage is safe.
- The carbon removal process is best described as large, harmless fans that circulate air and capture CO2 molecules. It has no impact on the environment or the community, aside from noise that’s equivalent to a dozen commercial air conditioners.
- Then there’s carbon storage. We’ve been doing some form of CO2 injection into the ground since the 1960's, so this isn't a new process. It goes deep into the ground, where it remains for thousands of years without resurfacing. The fact that most people have not heard of it is a testament to how safe it is.
- It’s not harmful to the planet or the health of our community members – in fact, we believe that removing excess CO2 from the atmosphere will save our planet from harmful global warming that could jeopardize jobs, our health, our homes, our crops, and more.
Additional safety background
- The safety and protection of the environment and the communities in which we operate is our priority. That's why we implement known and tested solutions.
- Carbon Removal:
- The technology that Deep Sky is deploying are tried and true industrial processes that are safe and have been applied in other sectors such as water treatment plants, cement production, and common HVAC systems. The novelty is in applying these well known machines towards separating CO2 from air, and deploying multiple different units side by side.
- CO2 is an inert, non-poisonous, odorless, and non-explosive gas.
- Our facility produces no harmful byproducts, uses no hazardous materials, and our operations meet rigorous health and safety standards set by Alberta’s Occupational Health and Safety Act, to protect both our employees and the community.
- Carbon Storage:
- Alberta is already a world leader in carbon storage.
- Our process for Deep Sky Labs is to inject CO2 2.3km below the surface into deep saline aquifers, which are existing, natural areas of porous rock deep underground that are ideal for permanent and safe carbon sequestration. In this process, CO2 will be in liquid form when stored underground. The natural geology and weight of the ground keeps the CO2 in a stable and safe position.
- The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) oversees the licensing and operation of carbon storage projects and is recognized to be a global leader in this role.
- One of our top requirements when selecting a storage partner was their adherence to strict safety procedures and AER compliance requirements.
Image of a deep saline aquifer at 1,000 - 4,000m depth
If this is a pilot, are the local residents at risk?
- There is no risk to local residents.
- While Deep Sky Labs is a pilot facility, none of the technology used there is new.
- We are not testing the technology, per se. We know it works. In fact, Direct Air Capture technology has been deployed for years in Iceland and in Canada (Carbon Engineering).
- Rather, what we are testing is how these technologies operate in the Alberta climate and fully understand the cost effectiveness and ease of operation of different suppliers of this technology.
- Our goal is to determine the most effective technologies so we can then choose the best units for building large-scale facilities.
What kind of environmental studies have been conducted?
- Geotechnical and environmental studies were conducted in June, which tested the soil for contamination and the strength of the ground for building.
- All of these studies showed no contamination on the property and the ground was more than suitable for our facility.
What are the environmental impacts?
- There are no negative environmental impacts. If there were, we wouldn’t be doing this work, as our goal is to help, not hurt, the planet.
- A common criticism with carbon removal is the amount of energy required to power the Direct Air Capture units. We’ve already solved this by ensuring that 100% of the energy used to power Deep Sky Labs is renewable solar energy via a Power Purchase Agreement with a new solar project in Alberta.
- The solar farm will generate more electricity than we need for Labs, making our project 100% clean.
What are the impacts to the community?
- There will be no negative impacts to the community, only positive. Carbon removal technology is not harmful to the planet or the health of community members.
- The only impact from Deep Sky Labs is minimal amounts of noise that will be produced, which will be comparable to a dozen commercial air conditioners. The facility is also remote, so the sound will not impact nearby businesses or residences.
- The positive impacts include job creation, the potential to invest $110M into the town of Innisfail over 10 years, and recognition as the location of the world’s first carbon removal innovation and commercialization centre.
- Since Labs is meant to be a public showroom, we hope to bring visitors to the community and develop local talent for what we believe will be a multi-trillion-dollar industry.
What about the risk of a CO2 leak?
- CO2 will be in liquid form when stored underground. The natural geology and weight of the ground keeps the CO2 in a stable and safe position. In fact, CO2 has been stored underground safely for decades without incident.
- However, as a responsible business, we understand that it is a perceived risk. So, we take every precaution possible to ensure safety. We are doing this through robust design and sparing no expense in any matters related to public safety.
- The well used for storage will be regularly monitored for any signs of CO2 movement, to ensure the wellbore maintains integrity.
- That process includes putting sensors down the well, right into the rock where we're injecting CO2, to monitor the reservoir (well) in real time.
Isn’t this an experimental technology?
- No, Direct Air Capture has been deployed for years in Iceland and Canada (Carbon Engineering).
- The technology that Deep Sky is deploying are tried and true industrial processes that are safe and have been applied in other sectors such as water treatment plants, cement production, and common HVAC systems.
- The novelty is in applying these well known machines towards separating CO2 from air and deploying multiple different units side by side.
Is there risk of contamination of aquifers or rivers?
- CO2 has been stored underground safely for decades without incidents of water contamination.
Is there any impact on crop health?
- Direct air capture has no negative impact on crop health. In fact, carbon removal can help mitigate climate change and improve the health of croplands.
- Instead, excess CO2 is harmful to crops. Rising CO2 causes a heating planet, which in turn causes extreme weather like wildfires, droughts, flooding, and devastating storms which can wipe out agriculture.
- In order to prevent that risk, we must remove the overabundance of CO2 to protect our crops and our livelihoods.
- Because CO2 is a gas, it readily diffuses in the atmosphere rapidly - meaning the atmosphere is very good at mixing and there is no risk of localized CO2 shortage.
Isn’t CO2 necessary for plants and trees? Why is excess CO2 a bad thing?
- Absolutely, and we’re not removing the CO2 that’s imperative for life on earth.
- We are removing the extra CO2 that has accumulated since the Industrial Age due to our use of fossil fuels. There’s an overabundance of CO2 in the atmosphere today, which threatens all human and plant life. Nature cannot keep up with the amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Simply put, we are choking the planet with too much CO2.
- The vast majority of scientists, climate experts, and government officials agree that 350 parts per million (ppm) is a safe level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. But due to fossil fuel use, the ppm has skyrocketed to 425.55. [Source: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, NOAA]
- At that level, we’re seeing more extreme weather (i.e. Jasper wildfire) that threatens our health, our livelihoods, our agriculture, our homes, and more.
How does carbon removal affect our breathing?
- Engineered carbon dioxide removal has zero impact on human breathing.
Why do we need tech to do what nature already does?
- Nature-based climate solutions, like planting more trees that absorb CO2, is an important element of slowing climate change.
- However, there is too much CO2 in the atmosphere for trees to be the only solution.
- So, we need to deploy other smart ways to limit the rise of CO2 to ensure that our planet stops heating up at a rapid rate.
What’s the difference between carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)?
- There are two methods of capturing carbon – carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR). While both methods share the ultimate goal of curbing global warming, they operate under distinctly different principles and applications.
- CDR is the process of physically removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or ocean to slow global warming.
- Alternatively, Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) – or point source capture – is the practice of capturing carbon dioxide at chimneys (at the source).
- While CCS is helpful in reducing emissions, it only addresses what we’re pumping out of chimneys today. It does nothing to clean up historic emissions that have already escaped, which is why CDR (what Deep Sky does) is essential for achieving net zero emissions goals and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
- The future of carbon reduction will likely rely on a portfolio approach, integrating CCS, CDR, and other carbon management technologies with renewable energy sources and efficiency measures.